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Physical properties of calcium chloride
Release Date:
2024-07-25
Colorless cubic crystals, white or grayish white, with granular, honeycomb block, spherical, irregular granular, and powdery forms. Slightly toxic, odorless, slightly bitter taste. Very hygroscopic when exposed to air. Easily soluble in water, with a solubility of 74.0 g/100 g water at 20°C, releasing a large amount of heat simultaneously (the enthalpy of dissolution of calcium chloride is -176.2 cal/g). This property makes it very useful in applications requiring rapid heat generation, such as serving as a heat source in certain heating processes. Additionally, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of calcium chloride are important physical parameters that affect its efficiency in thermal management and regulation applications. Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride are neutral. It is easily soluble in various polar, protic solvents, with solubility at 20°C in the following solvents (g/100 mL solvent): methanol: 29.2, anhydrous ethanol: 25.8, n-propanol: 15.8, n-butanol: 25.0, n-pentanol: 11.5, ethylene glycol: 21.6 (25°C), formic acid: 43.1, acetic acid: 15.0 (30°C), hydrazine: 16.0. However, it is only slightly soluble or insoluble in dipolar solvents and low-polarity solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. It forms complexes CaCl2·8NH3 and CaCl2·4C2H5OH when reacted with ammonia or ethanol, respectively. At low temperatures, the solution crystallizes and precipitates as the hexahydrate; gradually heating to 30°C dissolves it in its own crystallization water, and continued heating causes gradual dehydration. At 200°C, it becomes the dihydrate, and further heating to 260°C converts it into white porous anhydrous calcium chloride. During the dehydration process of hydrated calcium chloride, partial hydrolysis occurs, so the product often contains a small amount of CaO impurity.
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